The DSM-IV TR waspublished by the American Psychiatric Association and provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is used in the United States and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies and policy makers.

The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise. There have been five revisions since it was first published in 1952, gradually including more disorders, though some have been removed and are no longer considered to be mental disorders. It initially evolved out of systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a manual developed by the US Army. The last major revision was the fourth edition ("DSM-IV"), published in 1994, although a "text revision" was produced in 2000. The fifth edition ("DSM-V") is currently in consultation, planning and preparation, due for publication in May 2012.An early draft will be released for comment in 2009. The mental disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is another commonly-used guide, used more often in Europe and other parts of the world. The coding system used in the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with the codes used in the ICD, although not all codes may match at all times because the two publications are not revised synchronously.

The DSM-IV organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into five levels (axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or disability:

• Axis I: clinical disorders, including major mental disorders, as well as developmental and learning disorders
• Axis II: underlying pervasive or personality conditions, as well as mental retardation
• Axis III: acute medical conditions and physical disorders
• Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder
• Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning or Children’s Global Assessment Scale for children and teens under the age of 18

Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence

Mental retardation

• 317 Mild mental retardation
• 318.0 Moderate mental retardation
• 318.1 Severe mental retardation
• 318.2 Profound mental retardation
• 319 Mental retardation, severity unspecified

Learning disorders

• 315.00 Reading disorder
• 315.1 Mathematics disorder
• 315.2 Disorder of written expression
• 315.9 Learning disorder NOS

Motor skills disorders

• 315.4 Developmental coordination disorder

Communication disorders

• 315.31 Expressive language disorder
• 315.32 Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
• 315.39 Phonological disorder
• 307.0 Stuttering
• 307.9 Communication disorder NOS

Pervasive developmental disorders

• 299.00 Autistic disorder
• 299.80 Rett's Disorder
• 299.10 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
• 299.80 Asperger’s Disorder
• 299.80 Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS

Attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders

• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • 314.01 Combined subtype
  • 314.01 Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype
  • 314.00 Predominantly inattentive subtype
  • 314.9 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder NOS
• Conduct disorder
  • 312.81 Childhood onset
  • 312.82 Adolescent onset
  • 312.89 Unspecified onset
• 313.81 Oppositional Defiant Disorder
• 312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS

Feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood

• 307.52 Pica
• 307.59 Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

Tic disorders

• 307.23 Tourette’s Disorder
• 307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
• 307.21 Transient tic disorder
• 307.20 Tic disorder NOS

Elimination disorders

• Encopresis
  • 787.6 Encopresis, with constipation and overflow incontinence
  • 307.7 Encopresis, without constipation and overflow incontinence
• 307.6 Enuresis (not due to a general medical condition)

Other disorders of infancy, childhood, or adolescence

• 309.21 Separation anxiety disorder
• 313.23 Selective mutism
• 313.89 Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood
• 307.3 Stereotypic movement disorder
• 313.9 Disorder of infancy, childhood, or adolescence NOS

Delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorders

Delirium

• 293.0 Delirium due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 780.09 Delirium NOS

Dementia

• 290.10 Dementia due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
• 294.1 Dementia due to head trauma
• 294.9 Dementia due to HIV disease
• 294.1 Dementia due to Huntington's disease
• 294.1 Dementia due to Parkinson's disease
• 290.10 Dementia due to Pick’s disease
• 294.1 Dementia due to... [indicate other general medical condition]
• 294.8 Dementia NOS
• Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, with early onset
  • 290.10 Uncomplicated
  • 290.11 With delirium
  • 290.12 With delusions
  • 290.13 With depressed mood
• Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, with late onset
  • 290.0 Uncomplicated
  • 290.3 With delirium
  • 290.20 With delusions
  • 290.21 With depressed mood
• Vascular dementia
  • 290.41 With delirium
  • 290.42 With delusions
  • 290.43 With depressed mood

Amnestic disorders

• 294.0 Amnestic disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 294.8 Amnestic disorder NOS

Other cognitive disorders

• 294.9 Cognitive disorder NOS

Mental disorders due to a general medical condition not elsewhere classified

• 293.89 Catatonic disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 310.1 Personality change due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
  • (Subtypes: Labile, Disinhibited, Aggressive, Apathetic, Paranoid, Other, Combined, Unspecified)
• 293.9 Mental disorder NOS due to... [indicate the general medical condition]

Substance-related disorders

Alcohol-related disorders

• Alcohol
  • 305.00 Abuse
  • 303.90 Dependence
  • 291.8 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 291.8 -Induced mood disorder
  • 291.1 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 291.2 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 291.5 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 291.3 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 291.8 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 291.8 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 303.00 Intoxication
  • 291.0 Intoxication delirium
  • 291.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 291.8 Withdrawal
  • 291.0 Withdrawal delirium

Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like) related disorders

• Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like)
  • 305.70 Abuse
  • 304.40 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Caffeine-related disorders

• Caffeine
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 305.90 Intoxication
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Cannabis-related disorders

• Cannabis
  • 305.20 Abuse
  • 304.30 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Cocaine-related disorders

• Cocaine
  • 305.60 Abuse
  • 304.20 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Hallucinogen-related disorders

• Hallucinogen
  • 305.30 Abuse
  • 304.50 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.89 -persisting perception disorder
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Inhalant-related disorders

• Inhalant
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.60 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Nicotine-related disorders

• Nicotine
  • 305.1 Dependence
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Opioid-related disorders

• Opioid
  • 305.50 Abuse
  • 304.00 Dependence
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) related disorders

• Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like)
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.60 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders

• Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic
  • 305.40 Abuse
  • 304.10 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.83 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal
  • 292.81 Withdrawal delirium

Polysubstance-related disorder

• 304.80 Polysubstance dependence

Other (or unknown) substance-related disorder

• Other (or unknown) substance
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.90 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.81 -Induced delirium
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.83 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

• Schizophrenia
  • 295.2 Catatonic type
  • 295.1 Disorganized type
  • 295.3 Paranoid type
  • 295.6 Residual type
  • 295.9 Undifferentiated type
• 295.4 Schizophreniform disorder
• 295.7 Schizoaffective disorder
• 297.1 Delusional disorder
• 298.8 Brief psychotic disorder
• 297.3 Shared psychotic disorder
• Psychotic disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
  • 293.81 With delusions
  • 293.82 With hallucinations
• 298.9 Psychotic disorder NOS

Mood disorders

Depressive disorders

• 300.4 Dysthymic disorder
• Major depressive disorder
  • Major depressive disorder, recurrent
    • 296.36 In full remission
    • 296.35 In partial remission
    • 296.31 Mild
    • 296.32 Moderate
    • 296.33 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.34 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.30 Unspecified
  • Major depressive disorder, single episode
    • 296.26 In full remission
    • 296.25 In partial remission
    • 296 21 Mild
    • 296.22 Moderate
    • 296.23 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.24 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.20 Unspecified
• 311 Depressive disorder NOS

Bipolar disorders

• Bipolar disorders
  • 296.80 Bipolar disorder NOS
  • Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed
    • 296.56 In full remission
    • 296.55 In partial remission
    • 296.51 Mild
    • 296.52 Moderate
    • 296.53 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.54 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.50 Unspecified
  • 296.40 Bipolar disorder I, most recent episode hypomanic
  • Bipolar disorder I, most recent episode manic
    • 296.46 In full remission
    • 296.45 In partial remission
    • 296.41 Mild
    • 296.42 Moderate
    • 296.43 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.44 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.40 Unspecified
  • Bipolar disorder I, most recent episode mixed
    • 296.66 In full remission
    • 296.65 In partial remission
    • 296.61 Mild
    • 296.62 Moderate
    • 296.63 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.64 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.60 Unspecified
  • 296.7 Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode unspecified
  • Bipolar I disorder, single manic episode
    • 296.06 In full remission
    • 296.05 In partial remission
    • 296.01 Mild
    • 296.02 Moderate
    • 296.03 Severe without psychotic features
    • 296.04 Severe with psychotic features
    • 296.00 Unspecified
  • 296.89 Bipolar II disorder
• 301.13 Cyclothymic disorder
• Mood disorder
  • 293.83 Mood disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
  • 296.90 Mood disorder NOS

Anxiety disorders

• 300.02 Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
  • 300.21 With agoraphobia
  • 300.01 Without agoraphobia
• 300.22 Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder
• 300.29 Specific phobia
• 300.23 Social phobia
• 300.3 Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• 309.81 Posttraumatic stress disorder
• 308.3 Acute stress disorder
• Anxiety disorder
  • 293.89 Anxiety disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
  • 300.00 Anxiety disorder NOS

Somatoform disorders

• 300.81 Somatization disorder
• 300.81 Undifferentiated somatoform disorder
• 300.11 Conversion disorder
• Pain disorder
  • 307.89 Associated with both psychological factors and a general medical condition
  • 307.80 Associated with psychological factors
• 300.7 Hypochondriasis
• 300.7 Body dysmorphic disorder
• 300.81 Somatoform disorder NOS

Factitious disorders

• Factitious disorder
  • 300.19 With combined psychological and physical signs and symptoms
  • 300.19 With predominantly physical signs and symptoms
  • 300.16 With predominantly psychological signs and symptoms
  • 300.19 Factitious disorder NOS

Dissociative disorders

• 300.6 Depersonalization disorder
• 300.12 Dissociative amnesia
• 300.13 Dissociative fugue
• 300.14 Dissociative identity disorder
• 300.15 Dissociative disorder NOS

Sexual and gender identity disorder

Sexual dysfunctions

• 625.8 Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 608.89 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 302.71 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
• 302.79 Sexual aversion disorder
• 302.72 Female sexual arousal disorder
• 302.72 Male erectile disorder
• 607.84 Male erectile disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 302.73 Female orgasmic disorder
• 302.74 Male orgasmic disorder
• 302.75 Premature ejaculation
• 302.76 Dyspareunia (not due to a general medical condition)
• 625.0 Female dyspareunia due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 608.89 Male dyspareunia due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 306.51 Vaginismus (not due to a general medical condition)
• 625.8 Other female sexual dysfunction due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• 608.89 Other male sexual dysfunction due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
• Sexual Abuse
  • V61.1 Sexual abuse of adult
  • 995.81 Sexual abuse of adult (if focus of attention is on victim)
  • V61.21 Sexual abuse of child
  • 995.5 Sexual abuse of child (if focus of attention is on victim)

• 302.9 Sexual disorder NOS
• 302.70 Sexual dysfunction NOS

Paraphilias

• 302.4 Exhibitionism
• 302.81 Fetishism
• 302.89 Frotteurism
• 302.2 Pedophilia
• 302.83 Sexual masochism
• 302.84 Sexual sadism
• 302.3 Transvestic fetishism
• 302.82 Voyeurism
• 302.9 Paraphilia NOS (not otherwise specified)

Gender identity disorders

• Gender identity disorder
  • 302.85 In adolescents or adults
  • 302.6 In children
  • 302.6 Gender identity disorder NOS

Eating disorders

• 307.1 Anorexia nervosa
• 307.51 Bulimia nervosa
• 307.53 Rumination syndrome
• 307.50 Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)

Sleep disorders

Primary sleep disorders

• 307.44 Primary hypersomnia
• 307.42 Primary insomnia
• 347 Narcolepsy
• 780.59 Breathing-related sleep disorder
• 307.45 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
• 307.47 Dyssomnia NOS

Parasomnias

• 307.47 Nightmare disorder
• 307.46 Sleep terror disorder
• 307.46 Sleepwalking disorder
• 307.47 Parasomnia NOS

Other sleep disorders

• Sleep disorder
  • Sleep disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
  • 780.54 Hypersomnia type
  • 780.52 Insomnia type
  • 780.59 Mixed type
  • 780.59 Parasomnia type
• 307.42 Insomnia related to... [indicate the Axis I or Axis II disorder]
• 307.44 Hypersomnia related to... [indicate the Axis I or Axis II disorder]

Top

Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified

• 312.34 Intermittent explosive disorder
• 312.32 Kleptomania
• 312.33 Pyromania
• 312.31 Pathological gambling
• 312.39 Trichotillomania
• 312.30 Impulse-control disorder NOS

Adjustment disorders

• Adjustment disorders
  • 309.9 Unspecified
  • 309.24 With anxiety
  • 309.0 With depressed mood
  • 309.3 With disturbance of conduct
  • 309.28 With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
  • 309.4 With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct

Personality disorders

Cluster A (odd or eccentric)

• 301.0 Paranoid personality disorder
• 301.20 Schizoid personality disorder
• 301.22 Schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic)

• 301.7 Antisocial personality disorder
• 301.83 Borderline personality disorder
• 301.50 Histrionic personality disorder
• 301.81 Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster C (anxious or fearful)

• 301.82 Avoidant personality disorder
• 301.6 Dependent personality disorder
• 301.4 Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

NOS

• 301.9 Personality disorder NOS

Additional codes

• V62.3 Academic problem
• V62.4 Acculturation problem
• 995.2 Adverse effects of medication NOS
• 780.9 Age-related cognitive decline
• Antisocial behavior
  • V71.01 Adult antisocial behavior
  • V71.02 Child or adolescent antisocial behavior
• V62.82 Bereavement
• V62.89 Borderline intellectual functioning
• 313.82 Identity problem
• Medication-induced
• Movement disorder
  • 333.90 Movement disorder NOS
  • 333.1 Postural tremor
• Neglect of child
  • V61.21 Neglect of child
  • 995.5 Neglect of child (if focus of attention is on victim)
• Neuroleptic-induced
  • 333.99 Acute akathisia
  • 333.7 Acute dystonia
  • 332.1 Parkinsonism
  • 333.82 Tardive dyskinesia
  • 333.92 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• V71.09 No diagnosis on Axis II
• V71.09 No diagnosis or condition on Axis I
• V15.81 Noncompliance with treatment
• V62.2 Occupational problem
• V61.20 Parent-child relational problem
• V61.1 Partner relational problem
• V62.89 Phase of life problem
• Physical abuse
  • V61.1 Physical abuse of adult
  • 995.81 Physical abuse of adult (if focus of attention is on victim)
  • V61.21 Physical abuse of child
  • 995.5 Physical abuse of child (if focus of attention is on victim)
• 316 Psychological factors affecting medical condition
• Relational problem
  • V62.81 Relational problem NOS
  • V61.9 Relational problem related to a mental disorder or general medical condition
• V62.89 Religious or spiritual problem
• V61.8 Sibling relational problem
• 300.9 Unspecified mental disorder (nonpsychotic)
• 799.9 Diagnosis deferred on Axis II
• 799.9 Diagnosis or condition deferred on Axis I
• V65.2 Malingering

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